Where art meets medicine and the different branches of art have dealt with the news of our study in this month's guest Psychiatrist Professor Dr. Yazgan echo the film has become synonymous with dyslexia "Place in the Stars" (Taare Zameen Par) and processed in the film talked about the benefits of drawing. The distinction between phonetic characters in the film of words, letters can not be visual-spatial analysis and decomposition Yazgan said that the difficulty in reading, drawing, as outlined in the film's point of view voiced expand. People near and insider contacts a job that requires making my contribution, saying that the Yazgan, left planum temporale with the visual language in terms of functions, dyslexia children, especially phonological coding strategies when using the reading difficulties experienced ones say that the. In general, a form of dyslexia is directed children's illustration explaining that conviction is not true Yazgan, gave detailed information about the many research on dyslexia.
"Place in the Stars" (Taare Zameen Par)
Yet eight-year-old little boy and his family are well known around the school in a different way. When you say the words forced and child with learning difficulties, a genetic disorder called dyslexia live. However, so far no one down into the depths and young children against the following problem with the eyes, his art teacher Ram (Aamir Khan) is approached in different ways. Down to the inner world and the fact that no one will reach not understand.
Celebrities with Dyslexia Nor have?
Among the famous dyslexic, Albert Einstein, Mozart, Leonardo da Vinci, John Lennon, Stephen Hawkings, Alexander Graham Bell, Thomas Edison and Agatha Christie is located.
The famous words of dyslexia as follows:
• "My teacher says I'm a jerk, my dad thought I was. Bense I had decided that I was no longer just a fool. "
Thomas Edison / Scientist
• "My teacher is running slow my mind, I'm nerdy and mindlessly thrown to death in pursuit of my dreams were telling me."
Albert Einstein / Scientist
• "I thought I was in the family of the slowest person. I'm afraid I was quite right, and I was supposed to accept this fact. Was a nightmare for me to write and spell. I wrote letters very different from the real was happening. I was also reading and pronunciation terribly bad. "
Agatha Christie / Author
Psychiatrist and Professor cartoonist Dr. Echo Yazgan, Health Magazine's Editorial Director Esra Ozer answered questions.
http://www.taarezameenpar.com/
Dyslexia on "Stars on the ground" (Taare Zameen Par), does it reflect the fact that the film?
Yes, this film reflects the fact that dyslexia can say that the subject field. In the literature, dyslexia (reading disorder); the individual's chronological age, measured intelligence, and age-appropriate level considering her training as a reading achievement is significantly below the expected state is defined as (APA, 2000). It is only during the development of reading skills in children with low mental age, visual defects or improper teachings can not be explained by a lack of specific and special attention. This difficulty in reading the child's school performance or significantly affect activities of daily living.
Phonetic characters in the film separation of words, letters that can not be visual-spatial analysis and decomposition have difficulty in reading. Therefore, a reading on their grade level, and therefore can not read the text; I can not understand reading the text. In addition, the lack of reading in these children as well as visual perception problems (so-letters upside down or rotated position detection and shape perceptions ground detection) and visual perception problems may also occur. Text errors-writing usually is corrupted sound and form alike to write letters difficulties, the reverse writing, attention problems, motor coordination, weakness, distance-depth-size perception, orientation problems (spatial orientation, position detection difficulty), orientation skills, to organize skills , study habits, self-expression and social-emotional behavior in terms of the failure can be seen, there is a different problem areas. Those areas are treated in detail in the characters in the film.
In this film comes to those described for the detection of people who have dyslexia does coincide with reality?
Yup. DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual) diagnosed according to the classification, dyslexia (reading disorder): "Individually, the standards applied correctly reading or comprehension tests as measured by a person's chronological age, measured intelligence level and age in accordance with the training given reading is significantly below the expected success of the diagnostic criteria for disorders in school achievement or activities of daily living that require reading skills are significantly impair "is defined as. Are consistent with their true character in the film. Typical dyslexia (reading disorder) have difficulty outside is seen that in different areas.
It is even mentioned in the film dyslexia, what differences there are in the functioning of the brain?
Learning disorders are structural and functional differences in brain functioning in the literature studies that investigated; structural imaging studies (autopsy studies, CT and MRI), functional imaging studies (SPECT, PET, functional MRI) and electrophysiological studies are. The first studies to identify structural defects have been autopsy studies. We have a variety of reasons dyslexic individuals who died in the examination, macroscopic level planum temporale in the temporal lobe of all cases of symmetry or asymmetry was found to be reversed (Galabur et al., 1989). The literature regarding the differences in structure and up to the most studied with the consensus region, temporal lobe and the temporal lobe in the planum is an area that is a part. On average 03.01 percent from the left planum temporale is larger than the right.
At the top and on the surface of the temporal lobe, posterior to the Heschl gyrus region of the planum temporale is the area of visual and auditory stimulation understanding of the association is responsible for. Wherein the auditory phoneme, is considered to map image as grafem (Leonard et al. 1993). The left planum temporale in auditory and language functions, in terms of dyslexic children have difficulty reading, especially when using phonological coding strategies are thought to live.
Magnetic resonance imaging studies (MRI), dyslexia in children, the healthy control group, compared to the right on the larger planum temporale, ie, planum temporale symmetry or reversed asymmetry has been shown (Kushch et al., 1993, Leonard et al., 1993).
With reading difficulties adults and children made in functional imaging (fMRI, PET) studies of phonological processes during the (spelling, meaning non-word reading, etc.) in the left hemisphere temporoparietal cortex activation where there is little or no has been reported that (Rumsey et al., 1997, Simons et al. 2000, Temple et al. 2002).
Such studies have dyslexic children, there are differences in brain structure and functioning indicate that.
What is what causes dyslexia in directing the picture?
Children in the lead characters in the film, the image is oriented. Only the child's susceptibility for painting, drawing, love that we understand various scenes. Overall, the picture is directed dyslexic children as we arrive at a conclusion is not true.
Dyslexia is a disease? What is the most important factor?
Dyslexia, the child's intelligence level is normal and above normal; In particular academic reading skills (reading, removal, and error-free reading fluency, reading comprehension and comments) years in the field below the level of a performance based on the biological basis is a functional disorder. In general, learning disorders, in particular when reviewing the etiology of dyslexia; with a single factor can not explain the observed phenomenon is present. Genetic factors (an inherited condition, structural differences in the brain, chromosomal differences), pre-order-after birth causes, environmental factors such as smoking and alcohol-drug addiction causes may be decisive.
In the literature, a large proportion of genetic studies of learning disorder dyslexia (reading disorder) seems to be made with the children and their families. Studies emphasize the importance of familial transmission for dyslexia. Family studies have dyslexia in the presence of the mother or father, children with reading disorder is that there is a significant risk factor. As well as reading disorder occurrence, specific of a gene has been effective and the gene of chromosome 6 of studies reporting that there are also (Smith et al. 1990, Pennigto et al. 1,991, Cordon et al. 1994). Six of these genes on the chromosome is reported to affect the phonological decoding skills (Francks et al., 2002).
What is the incidence in our country? Is there a difference between men and women? Why is that?
In general, studies of the prevalence of learning disabilities has been reported that between 5-10 percent. Come from low socio-economic status is a risk factor. More common in men and is assumed to be ¼ ratio.
In the literature, in men the incidence excess, "abnormal cerebral lateralization" with the problem were explained (Arnold, 1990; Bryan and Saxby, 1986, Duane, 1991; Echenn and Cheminal; 1987; Geschwind and Galabur, 1985; Masland, 1988; Rosen et al., 1986 ). Geschwind and Galabur (1985), in boys cause more dyslexia is seen, they cause in the left hemisphere skills (language skills) less right hemisphere skills (visual-perceptual / visio-spatial skills) is more developed, explaining that, "Geschwind hypothesis "or" testosterone hypothesis "is called a hypothesis argue. Accordingly, normally, of the cerebrum cortex and appears elsewhere in the asymmetric pattern development; normal tissues around the left Sylvian fissure, wider than the right to be. Cortical development in the fetus retardant agents, right (visual-perceptual skills) and left hemisphere (language skills), different effects in terms of timing. As previously developed right hemisphere, is less subject to the factors slowing down the development. One of the factors delaying cortical development in the fetus, is the male hormone testosterone. As previously completed the development of the right hemisphere, the hormone testosterone, especially over the left hemisphere makes a retarding effect. This situation, ie the delay in the development of the left hemisphere, but instead leads to the further development of the right hemisphere. So, an increase in testosterone levels, the more developed regions of the left hemisphere temporal language development will slow down, will delay. In this case, the fetus' brain, normally will be disrupted asymmetry should be formed, it will remain in the background of the individual language skills, and visual-perceptual skills of the right hemisphere will be more dominant.
Retarding the development of the left hemisphere, which was shown to have an effect against the hormone testosterone in male fetuses are more sensitive; therefore the normal asymmetry in men's corruption, the symmetry of right and left temporal region is more common to occur. Therefore, the right hemisphere in language functions in men more than women are involved; so among men compared to women is more common in dyslexia.
Dyslexia, a learning disability does or genius?
dyslexia; learning opportunities to the absence of mental retardation, brain disease, irrespective of the normal and adequate training to a normal level of intelligence to the appropriate socio-cultural environment, despite an emerging learning is the difficulty (WHO, 1991; Debray-Ritzen, 1987; Masland, 1988; Maughan and Yule , 1994; Weintraub, 1989). In components reading skills (reading, removal, and error-free reading fluency, reading comprehension and comments) errors can be seen in all children have dyslexic children, but these errors are more frequent and done.
In the film, Albert Einstein, Mozart, Leonardo da Vinci, John Lennon, Stephen Hawkings, Alexander Graham Bell, Thomas Edison and dyslexic celebrities such as Agatha Christie is mentioned. However, this famous examples of dyslexia, a learning disability does not change the fact that it is. These celebrities, along with their problems can be said to look at life from a different window.
Is it inherited?
Yup. Genetic factors (hereditary transmission, and chromosomal structural differences in the brain differences) are among the causes of dyslexia. The family studies and twin studies indicate that dyslexia is an inherited disorder. Dyslexia is especially highlighted the importance of familial transmission. Heredity plays an important role, but environmental factors have a significant impact, especially on the phenotype, but is thought to be limited.
What's the latest in diagnosis and treatment of dyslexia?
These children often clinics, academic failure after the start of school (reading and writing difficulties) are due to the application. Or secondary (secondary) symptoms-behavioral problems, social cohesion, school phobia, somatic complaints, enuresis, encopresis, nail biting, etc. They can also be seen with the applicant.
Dyslexia diagnosis and monitoring process provides an extremely detailed treatment. In this process, long-term assessments, and should be based on a multidisciplinary approach. First child from a general Throne (eyes and ears) should be considered. Eyes and ears should be sure that there is no loss of functionality. Then dyslexia used in the diagnosis and evaluation of clinical observation, taken from the family history and the child's teachers, in addition to the information given psychometric tests should be used. Psychometric tests, especially WISC-R test, Bender Gestalt / Frosting visual-motor perception tests and the child's grade-level reading text and reading (read the speed-rhythm, fluency, letter, word, syllable jump-add certain sound groups, there is a problem m R) is performed. This detailed assessment after the child's strengths to be reinforced, difficulties, supporting the family and the environment to inform the vital changes to minimize the school individualized education program (IEP) implementation, special education, Psychopedagogical therapy, especially multi-sensory-based academic therapy and medical treatment as a comprehensive treatment programs and team work is planned with the treatment process. Other disorders accompanying these cases, the multi-dimensional treatment is required.
What are they doing in Dislekti medicine?
Dyslexia for evaluating psychiatric, medical and examined extensively Psychopedagogical situation is required. Therefore, diagnosis requires teamwork. As a team, points will be discussed:
▪ Psychiatric evaluation: whether any of psychopathology light. Psychiatric examination, learning, school and / or compliance issues which the primary (primary), which is secondary (secondary) is to distinguish the amount of light to determine the direction of the planned treatment.
▪ Medical evaluation: a factor affecting an individual's ability to learn in health status determines whether there is.
▪ Psychopedagogical evaluation (learning, attention, perception, problem solving, communication, social relationships, self-control skills development, etc.): the individual's cognitive, academic, and neuropsychological functions are examined. Rating the parents, children and school teachers are interviewed. In order to determine which areas of difficulty, various testing techniques are used. Psychopedagogical discussed evaluation results to the deficiency in the individual, but also appears to be stronger and thus areas, an individualized treatment schedule allows preparation.
▪ Evaluation of Family: Parents of the attitudes, expectations, peer problems, family interaction involves determining influence academic skills (Silver, 1997).
These points are analyzed and the treatment program is executed.
What should be considered dyslexic absolute ones?
In learning disorders, dyslexic children have normal or above normal intelligence should be remembered that. Academic deficiencies in reading skills in the field of intelligence, regardless of the problem stems from a structural and functional. Learning disorders, often ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) is associated with. Alkaş studies conducted in Turkey (1996), 49 percent of patients with specific learning difficulties, Erman (1997) 28,57's per cent at the same time noted that meets the diagnostic criteria for ADHD. Dyslexia (reading disorder) in children with ADHD were found to be 20-25 percent.
Distractibility children with learning disabilities, motor skill problems, expressive language problems, reading, writing and math skills and social adjustment difficulties have problems in. Most of these problems are also seen in the film.
In activity in the brain's right and left have been differences in dyslexia?
Yup. A significant part of the work done in this field these disorders which have structural and functional differences in the brains of individuals is for determining (Flowers, 1993).
Functional MRI (fMRI), PET, SPECT and MR spectroscopy in the study; dyslexic individuals during reading, language-related fields and visual association areas of the left being more pronounced than normal less activation during reading temporal lobe blood supply than normal minimum and temporoparietal lobe and cerebellum biochemical asymmetry was observed.
Electrophysiological studies (brain electrical activity, conventional EEG and other electrophysiological methods) are; slowing of background activity, nonspecific paroxysmal activity, such as slow-wave paroxysms and hemispheric asymmetry between the various findings were obtained. And theta power during silent reading aloud the changes in the amount of dyslexic also suggests what can be separated from normal.
How to read Word Brain?
Which is a product of the cerebral cortex of reading and writing skills are specific to the human. Reading, children can use the system associated with the symbol is a complex two-step. Children first learn the name of the surrounding objects, then these names are written symbols (letters) to learn. Not enough to distinguish visually symbols; at the same time be able to establish the connection between letters and sounds (1972 Frosting, Gang, 1983).
Learning to read "to make associations" depends on the ability. An evocative soundtrack that matches the reading voice is needed more. Who is reading the visual and auditory associations between images and their meanings are made (Frostig, 1972). All these operations can be done, requires that the proper stage of development of the child. Gained the ability to understand and use language to read without it is impossible to pass...
