Alcohol use disorders in the world, is one of the most common health problems . Today, alcohol use disorders, the four main basic framework is examined and treated . Other than alcohol , abused by people ( misuse ) , which also applies to other substances these four basic concepts are as follows. Alcohol intoxication ( poisoning ) , Alcohol Withdrawal , Alcohol Abuse and Alcohol Addiction We take as .
Alcohol intoxication, occurring after excessive consumption of alcohol leads to deterioration of brain function that is poisoning the table . Summaries of the liver to clear ( detoxification) in an amount far in excess of the capacity in individuals who consume alcohol occurs in a very short time . People in " intoxication" as is the case described . Will take place according to the degree of intoxication due to coma may lead to death due to respiratory failure , such as temporary memory loss , liver damage can lead to other complications , such as .
Alcohol abuse is usually used in two ways . A number of individuals taking large amounts of alcohol frequently , each time the medical, social and legal team that leads to problems if they use more than style "alcohol abuse" ( abuse ) is called . Individuals alcohol on a daily basis in large quantities if they are taking , alcohol resilience increasingly a behavior if it shows , alcohol suddenly when they cut the retreat / withdrawal ( withdrawal ) symptoms if they are at , alcohol consumption days, a large part of make up and if negative results despite consumption can not control they do not , their usage patterns more "alcohol dependence" ( dependence ) fits the description . These two different type of use, abuse and dependence are often watch together . Now let's alcohol withdrawal ( withdrawal) syndrome ...
Regular alcohol Area A New Brain Balance Neurobiological
People who constantly alcohol in the brain that lead to a number of different neurobiological . Primarily in the brain, which leads to activation and inhibition is necessary to mention the two main neurotransmitter systems . Glutamate and GABA systems in the human brain system, balancing each other in a manner that increases the activities taking place in the brain and reduces the overall way they behave . In summary, to increase glutamate in the brain activity (excitation ) , GABA activity in the brain substance reduction (inhibition) leads . Continuous consumption of alcohol in the brain GABA agent uses the receptors (receptors are ) constantly stimulating the brain continually causing a slowdown try to be , because the brain to balance it constantly glutamate, substance range of cells in attempts to keep . In other words, every day a new neurobiological balance is made up of alcohol in the brain .
Balance of Forces Powered lose power if a Party , the other Party the right balance is broken
Alcohol withdrawal , continuous alcohol- exposed and the level has increased a lot located in a brain suddenly alcohol exposure depending on the cut develops , alcohol basic damper that GABA stimulation to become accustomed to and balance that way , who founded brain neurochemistry , the slowing of the sudden interruption caused by glutamate toward developing imbalance will be unable to control . This situation biochemical hyperglutamatergic is a state and GABA deficiency induced uncontrolled activation due in the brain, epileptic seizures , heart rate suddenly increases , blood pressure sudden rise ( sympathomimetic hyperactivity) , muscle jerks, loss of consciousness , confusion, delirium ( acute brain failure / encephalopathy) and death of a table which can cause a variety of problems can occur .
So how can we fix this table by alcohol ?
Yes. This dangerous situation by continuing to alcohol , we can fix . But this is not a medically recommended treatment . Do not drink alcohol because of the high degree There are many other drawbacks , it is also much safer medically medication we have to do .
What is it drug treatments ?
Today, the basic pathophysiologic explanation of alcohol withdrawal , just as we have explained , the sudden lack of GABA and glutamate sudden emergence of excess at the same time is believed to be connected to . In other words , rising glutamate due to alcohol , to balance the alcohol will do his job , called GABA -benzodiazepine GABA agonist stimulators ( receptor stimulators ) are very widely used in the treatment of alcohol . This treatment agents, alcohol , caused her constantly in the mind of the person receiving the warning of excess GABA ( slow ) is maintain .
Then the person alcohol , notto become addicted to these agents ?
These agents GABA stimulators are similar mechanisms such as alcohol abuse can lead to agents and deprivation instantly we take these drugs , giving it an acute situation will correct , but within a few days we give these agents gradually reducing the brain to the new situation gradually adapted to be waiting and this some scale, our measuring with the help of (CIW scale ), eventually we will deduct these drugs completely . People in about a week , would adapt to the new situation and how alcohol nor physically a need not only to those agents .
You mentioned that you are working on new medicines Different?
Yes. Now before you applied this treatment is still missing sides and drawbacks Let me explain . Still widely accepted in the world model of alcohol deprivation therapy is the treatment of benzodiazepine . This treatment caused the situation people already started to right alcohol is a treatment . Indeed, people have adapted to alert due to alcohol excess GABA and the resulting interruption of this issue we still have occurred because of alcohol GABA We have been warning , continuing the treatment . This therapy is a treatment that works . Alone, these therapies to treat the root of the problem does not seem to be attempting a cure . Because the main cause of alcohol withdrawal , increase in glutamatergic stimulation is caused by imbalanced . Our model of treatment have proven in animal experiments , by keeping the current unstable situation instead of trying to treat this condition and proposes an approach model to reduce the previously untried rests on a new set of potential drugs .
What is it drug group ?
As we explain the neurobiology of alcohol withdrawal syndrome , to fix the real problem , occurring outside the cell hyperglutamatergic need to agents working to rectify the situation , actually. We also went looking for agents acting in this direction . This is the end of our search we saw that , unfortunately , supported by earlier literature, we do not have much choice . One of these options as " ceftriaxone " So we decided on a drug called . Ceftriaxone, especially meningitis group used to treat a broad spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic . These antibiotics several years ago, the animal studies showed that not only an antibiotic but also in the brain, are commonly found Astrocytes called support cells on the wall of the glutamate carrier ( EAAT2 ) stimulating intracellularly glutamate allow entry and extracellular glutamate found to remove excess is . This is exactly the approach we want in our alcohol withdrawal .
How did you design an experiment ?
Mayo Clinic Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Dr . Osama Abulseoud already mentioned effect of ceftriaxone was one of the scientists who proved previously , a renowned scientist is working on this issue . How to do these experiments using laboratory rats have designed together . They love alcohol rats , like humans ...
If you put the two in front of water and alcohol, they prefer alcohol . Some of them are drinking more . They API , which means alcoholic rats ( alcohol preferring rats ) rat is called . In this experiment we both alcoholic and non-alcoholic for which we have designed. First, a group of rats , the cage both alcohol and water to be a week or two we have left , then , the same alcohol-dependent people do , as long alcohol regularly after intake such as a weekend excessive amounts of alcohol to get the pattern to imitate the intention , two weeks after about 3 days an alcohol, into the stomachs of these rats we injected 6 hours . This method " gavage " method is called. To give you an idea of people comparing let's say , a bottle of raki daily for 2 weeks taken by people who drink alcohol equivalent to rats for 3 days, 6 hours after these periods have injected . This process is finished, suddenly got alcohol from their cages and deprivation have left them . This lack of ceftriaxone in the process of a group , the other group water ( saline) were injected .
We videotaped them for 2 days . We have seen that , just like a man , muscle jerks , seizures , tremors occur . We count all the symptoms that arise throughout the 48 hours , every tremor, every twitch , every movement of each tail seizures were counted one by one . In Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome in this way a continuous measurement method was the first time in the literature . Our analysis of the results I have seen , the Ceftriaxon field rats compared to those without a lot less symptoms showed that rats' brains when removed and glutamate transporter ( EAAT2 ) analysis when it increased was observed .
So now this drugcan be used in humans ?
Unfortunately , no. First, let's explain the following subject . This is an animal study ( preclinical ) and yet there is no validity in humans . But still that people use nowadays almost all drugs must pass this way . Drugs in animal studies before people called " proof- of-concept " stage need to pass successfully , this stage has been completed.
Mayo Clinic in the relevant committee gave the green light for human trials should be known only in the ceftriaxone , an antibiotic , and severe meningitis in humans ( infection of the lining of the brain ) is used to treat life as kurtacı . Frequent use of this drug can cause resistance in society and in the battle with meningitis leave internist in a difficult situation , therefore , to be considered in this case . Here, we propose a treatment modality to another for alcohol withdrawal , we have established hypotheses for treatment was a new hypothesis . This hypothesis also proved experimentally . After this the way to go , not to insist on ceftriaxone , which stimulates glutamate transporter mentioned EATT2 and let us suggest that the treatment of alcohol withdrawal using the model to explore or to synthesize other drugs might work . Alcohol Withdrawal In this way a more accurate model of the treatment with a display can be treated without the use of benzodiazepines .
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